{"id":602760,"date":"2024-07-22T10:26:42","date_gmt":"2024-07-22T08:26:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/gymbeam.com\/blog\/?p=602760"},"modified":"2024-07-31T10:43:22","modified_gmt":"2024-07-31T08:43:22","slug":"jak-ovlivnuji-geny-nasi-hmotnost-a-sklony-k-obezite","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/gymbeam.cz\/blog\/jak-ovlivnuji-geny-nasi-hmotnost-a-sklony-k-obezite\/","title":{"rendered":"Jak ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed geny na\u0161i hmotnost a sklony k obezit\u011b?"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_72 ez-toc-wrap-left counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/gymbeam.cz\/blog\/jak-ovlivnuji-geny-nasi-hmotnost-a-sklony-k-obezite\/#Nadvaha_a_obezita\" title=\"Nadv\u00e1ha a obezita\">Nadv\u00e1ha a obezita<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/gymbeam.cz\/blog\/jak-ovlivnuji-geny-nasi-hmotnost-a-sklony-k-obezite\/#BMI_neni_vzdy_spolehlivym_parametrem\" title=\"BMI nen\u00ed v\u017edy spolehliv\u00fdm parametrem\">BMI nen\u00ed v\u017edy spolehliv\u00fdm parametrem<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/gymbeam.cz\/blog\/jak-ovlivnuji-geny-nasi-hmotnost-a-sklony-k-obezite\/#Obezita_je_rizikovym_faktorem_ruznych_onemocneni\" title=\"Obezita je rizikov\u00fdm faktorem r\u016fzn\u00fdch onemocn\u011bn\u00ed\">Obezita je rizikov\u00fdm faktorem r\u016fzn\u00fdch onemocn\u011bn\u00ed<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/gymbeam.cz\/blog\/jak-ovlivnuji-geny-nasi-hmotnost-a-sklony-k-obezite\/#Mohou_za_sklony_k_obezite_geny\" title=\"Mohou za sklony k obezit\u011b geny?\">Mohou za sklony k obezit\u011b geny?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/gymbeam.cz\/blog\/jak-ovlivnuji-geny-nasi-hmotnost-a-sklony-k-obezite\/#Zaver\" title=\"Z\u00e1v\u011br\">Z\u00e1v\u011br<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n<p>Pokud existuje jedno onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, kter\u00e9mu lze velmi efektivn\u011b p\u0159edch\u00e1zet, p\u0159esto j\u00edm ale trp\u00ed st\u00e1le v\u00edce lid\u00ed, je to obezita. \u017dijeme v dob\u011b, kdy se ve vysp\u011bl\u00fdch zem\u00edch sv\u011bta stalo j\u00eddlo samoz\u0159ejmost\u00ed a\u017e natolik, \u017ee po\u010det \u00famrt\u00ed na p\u0159ebytek kalori\u00ed za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 p\u0159evy\u0161ovat po\u010det \u00famrt\u00ed na jeho nedostatek. Tato nep\u011bkn\u00e1 statistika se sice t\u00fdk\u00e1 USA, ale <strong>probl\u00e9m s obezitou je celosv\u011btov\u00fd<\/strong>. Podle WHO byl v roce <strong>2022 ob\u00e9zn\u00ed ka\u017ed\u00fd osm\u00fd \u010dlov\u011bk na sv\u011bt\u011b<\/strong>. Tento po\u010det se od roku 1990 zdvojn\u00e1sobil a v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b adolescent\u016f narostl a\u017e \u010dty\u0159n\u00e1sobn\u011b. Po\u010det lid\u00ed s nadv\u00e1hou, kter\u00e1 je predispozic\u00ed k obezit\u011b, p\u0159ekra\u010duje 2,5 miliardy. Podle OECD bylo v roce 2022 na Slovensku 59 % a v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice 60 % lid\u00ed s nadv\u00e1hou a obezitou.<mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-orange-color\"><sup>[1]<\/sup><\/mark><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1124\" height=\"749\" src=\"https:\/\/gymbeam.sk\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/image6-1124x749.jpg\" alt=\"M\u011b\u0159en\u00ed podko\u017en\u00edho tuku\" class=\"wp-image-601161\" title=\"M\u011b\u0159en\u00ed podko\u017en\u00edho tuku\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gymbeam.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/image6-1124x749.jpg 1124w, https:\/\/gymbeam.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/image6-400x267.jpg 400w, https:\/\/gymbeam.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/image6.jpg 1254w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1124px) 100vw, 1124px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Nadvaha_a_obezita\"><\/span>Nadv\u00e1ha a obezita<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Nadv\u00e1ha a z n\u00ed vypl\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed obezita jsou zap\u0159\u00ed\u010din\u011bny <strong>nerovnov\u00e1hou mezi p\u0159\u00edjmem a v\u00fddejem kalori\u00ed<\/strong>. Vysoce kalorick\u00e9 a <a href=\"https:\/\/gymbeam.cz\/blog\/7-tipu-jak-omezit-vysoce-prumyslove-zpracovane-potraviny-a-jist-zdraveji\/\">ultrazpracovan\u00e9 potraviny<\/a> se staly nejdostupn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed formou stravy a pot\u0159eba fyzick\u00e9 aktivity klesla prakticky na nulu. V\u00fdjimkou jsou povol\u00e1n\u00ed vy\u017eaduj\u00edc\u00ed intenzivn\u00ed manu\u00e1ln\u00ed pr\u00e1ci. Nerovnov\u00e1ha mezi p\u0159\u00edjmem a v\u00fddejem zap\u0159\u00ed\u010di\u0148uje <strong>nadm\u011brn\u00e9 ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed tuku<\/strong>, co\u017e je hlavn\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u010dina vzniku nadv\u00e1hy. Pokud toto nadm\u011brn\u00e9 ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed tuku p\u0159ekro\u010d\u00ed jistou hranici (nap\u0159. BMI nad 30 kg\/m<sup>2<\/sup>) a zp\u016fsobuje chronick\u00e9 zdravotn\u00ed probl\u00e9my, hovo\u0159\u00edme o obezit\u011b.<mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-orange-color\"><sup>[2]<\/sup><\/mark><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed podko\u017en\u00edho tuku je\u0161t\u011b nemus\u00ed b\u00fdt velk\u00fdm zdravotn\u00edm probl\u00e9mem. Hor\u0161\u00ed je tzv. <strong>viscer\u00e1ln\u00ed tuk<\/strong>, kter\u00fd se ukl\u00e1d\u00e1 v b\u0159i\u0161n\u00ed dutin\u011b mezi vnit\u0159n\u00edmi org\u00e1ny. Tento tuk naz\u00fdv\u00e1me tak\u00e9 toxick\u00fd a je <strong>zdrojem cytokin\u016f<\/strong>, co\u017e jsou l\u00e1tky vyvol\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed <strong>z\u00e1n\u011btlivou reakci<\/strong>. Z tohoto chronick\u00e9ho a dlouhotrvaj\u00edc\u00edho z\u00e1n\u011btliv\u00e9ho procesu v t\u011ble vznik\u00e1 i \u0159ada chronick\u00fdch onemocn\u011bn\u00ed spojen\u00fdch s obezitou.<mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-orange-color\"><sup>[3]<\/sup><\/mark><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1124\" height=\"809\" src=\"https:\/\/gymbeam.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/CZ-3-1124x809.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-603855\" title=\"Tukov\u00e9 vrstvy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gymbeam.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/CZ-3-1124x809.jpg 1124w, https:\/\/gymbeam.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/CZ-3-400x288.jpg 400w, https:\/\/gymbeam.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/CZ-3-1536x1106.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/gymbeam.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/CZ-3-2048x1475.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1124px) 100vw, 1124px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"BMI_neni_vzdy_spolehlivym_parametrem\"><\/span>BMI nen\u00ed v\u017edy spolehliv\u00fdm parametrem<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Nej\u010dast\u011bji pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdm parametrem pro stanoven\u00ed obezity je tzv. <strong>body mass index<\/strong> (BMI). <a href=\"https:\/\/gymbeam.cz\/blog\/co-je-bmi-kalkulacka-a-je-vubec-spolehliva\/\">BMI<\/a> zjednodu\u0161en\u011b ud\u00e1v\u00e1, zda m\u00e1 \u010dlov\u011bk ke sv\u00e9 v\u00fd\u0161ce p\u0159im\u011b\u0159enou hmotnost. Lze jej snadno vypo\u010d\u00edtat pomoc\u00ed online <a href=\"https:\/\/gymbeam.cz\/blog\/bmi-kalkulacka\/\">BMI kalkula\u010dky<\/a>. \u010clov\u011bk s BMI nad 25 kg\/m<sup>2<\/sup> je pova\u017eov\u00e1n za \u010dlov\u011bka s nadv\u00e1hou a u BMI nad 30 kg\/m<sup>2<\/sup> u\u017e mluv\u00edme o obezit\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u00fdpo\u010det BMI je jednoduch\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem, jak zjistit, zda je t\u0159eba zm\u011bnit stravovac\u00ed n\u00e1vyky a za\u010d\u00edt se v\u00edce h\u00fdbat. Probl\u00e9mem u BMI je v\u0161ak pr\u00e1v\u011b jeho jednoduchost. <strong>Nezohled\u0148uje toti\u017e slo\u017een\u00ed t\u011bla,<\/strong> a proto se m\u016f\u017ee st\u00e1t, \u017ee \u010dlov\u011bk s vy\u0161\u0161\u00edm pod\u00edlem svalov\u00e9 hmoty se m\u016f\u017ee nach\u00e1zet v intervalu BMI, kter\u00fd mluv\u00ed o nadv\u00e1ze. Vrcholov\u00ed kulturist\u00e9 mohou m\u00edt BMI nad 30 kg\/m<sup>2 <\/sup> a jen 6 % t\u011blesn\u00e9ho tuku.<mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-orange-color\"><sup>[4]<\/sup><\/mark><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1124\" height=\"750\" src=\"https:\/\/gymbeam.sk\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/image1-1124x750.jpg\" alt=\"M\u011b\u0159en\u00ed t\u011blesn\u00e9ho slo\u017een\u00ed\" class=\"wp-image-601193\" title=\"M\u011b\u0159en\u00ed t\u011blesn\u00e9ho slo\u017een\u00ed\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gymbeam.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/image1-1124x750.jpg 1124w, https:\/\/gymbeam.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/image1-400x267.jpg 400w, https:\/\/gymbeam.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/image1.jpg 1254w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1124px) 100vw, 1124px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Lep\u0161\u00edm ukazatelem m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt pom\u011br pasu a bok\u016f (<strong>waist-to-hip ratio<\/strong>, WHR), kter\u00fd poukazuje p\u0159\u00edmo na nadbytek t\u011blesn\u00e9ho tuku v oblasti b\u0159icha.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Jak WHR zm\u011b\u0159it?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Postavte se rovn\u011b a vydechn\u011bte. Pou\u017eijte metr ke kontrole velikosti kolem nejmen\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti va\u0161eho pasu, t\u011bsn\u011b nad pupkem. Toto je v\u00e1\u0161 obvod pasu. V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee nejste schopni naj\u00edt neju\u017e\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st pasu, zm\u011b\u0159te obvod uprost\u0159ed mezi doln\u00edm okrajem spodn\u00edho \u017eebra a bedern\u00ed kosti.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Potom zm\u011b\u0159te velikost kolem nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti va\u0161ich bok\u016f \u2013 nej\u0161ir\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti h\u00fd\u017ed\u00ed. Toto je v\u00e1\u0161 obvod bok\u016f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Vypo\u010d\u00edtejte si WHR vyd\u011blen\u00edm obvodu pasu obvodem bok\u016f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Pomoc\u00ed tabulky lze zjistit zdravotn\u00ed riziko vypl\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed z WHR:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Zdravotn\u00ed riziko<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u017deny<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Mu\u017ei<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">N\u00edzk\u00e9<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">0,80 a m\u00e9n\u011b<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">0,95 a m\u00e9n\u011b<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">St\u0159edn\u00ed<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">0,81\u20130,85<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">0,95\u20131<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Vysok\u00e9<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">nad 0,85<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">nad 1<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>U mu\u017e\u016f je pom\u011br od 0,95 do 1 norm\u00e1ln\u00ed a hodnoty nad 1 znamenaj\u00ed vysok\u00e9 riziko vzniku obezity. U \u017een je kritick\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo 0,85. Tento parametr je vhodn\u00fd pro zohledn\u011bn\u00ed hromad\u011bn\u00ed tuku v oblasti b\u0159icha, kter\u00e9 odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed i mno\u017estv\u00ed viscer\u00e1ln\u00edho tuku. Lid\u00e9 v\u0161ak p\u0159ib\u00edraj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u011b rychle na r\u016fzn\u00fdch m\u00edstech, a proto m\u016f\u017ee pom\u011br WHR vych\u00e1zet norm\u00e1ln\u011b i p\u0159i nadv\u00e1ze.<mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-orange-color\"><sup>[5]<\/sup><\/mark><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u0161echna tato m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed m\u016f\u017eeme doplnit o <strong>pom\u011br obvodu pasu a v\u00fd\u0161ky<\/strong>. Ten by se m\u011bl pohybovat v intervalu od 0,40 do 0,49. Jinak \u0159e\u010deno, obvod pasu by <strong>nem\u011bl p\u0159es\u00e1hnout polovinu v\u00fd\u0161ky \u010dlov\u011bka<\/strong>.<mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-orange-color\"><sup>[6]<\/sup><\/mark><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>V\u0161echny tyto metody n\u00e1m spole\u010dn\u011b<\/strong> dok\u00e1\u017eou velmi p\u0159esn\u011b \u0159\u00edci, jak na tom jsme se <strong>slo\u017een\u00edm t\u011bla a hmotnost\u00ed<\/strong>. Nejp\u0159esn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed je v\u0161ak m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed na p\u0159\u00edstroj\u00edch, jako je InBody, kter\u00e9 dok\u00e1\u017eou na z\u00e1klad\u011b bioimpedance poskytnout podrobn\u00e9 informace o slo\u017een\u00ed t\u011bla, pod\u00edlu t\u011blesn\u00e9ho tuku a sval\u016f a jin\u00fdch d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdch parametr\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n    <link href=\"https:\/\/gymbeam.com\/blog\/wp-content\/themes\/wp-gymbeam-blog-theme\/css\/vue\/index.css\" rel=\"preload\" as=\"style\">\n    <link href=\"https:\/\/gymbeam.com\/blog\/wp-content\/themes\/wp-gymbeam-blog-theme\/js\/vue\/chunk-vendors.js\" rel=\"preload\" as=\"script\">\n    <link href=\"https:\/\/gymbeam.com\/blog\/wp-content\/themes\/wp-gymbeam-blog-theme\/js\/vue\/index.js\" rel=\"preload\" as=\"script\">\n    <link data-no-optimize=\"1\" href=\"https:\/\/gymbeam.com\/blog\/wp-content\/themes\/wp-gymbeam-blog-theme\/css\/vue\/index.css\" rel=\"stylesheet\">\n\n    <h2>\n        You might be interested in these products:    <\/h2>\n\n    <div data-app=\"recommended\" data-products=\"31256,36004,36685,81547,85342,105688\" ><\/div>\n\n    <script data-no-optimize=\"1\" src=\"https:\/\/gymbeam.com\/blog\/wp-content\/themes\/wp-gymbeam-blog-theme\/js\/vue\/chunk-vendors.js\"><\/script>\n    <script data-no-optimize=\"1\" src=\"https:\/\/gymbeam.com\/blog\/wp-content\/themes\/wp-gymbeam-blog-theme\/js\/vue\/index.js\"><\/script>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Obezita_je_rizikovym_faktorem_ruznych_onemocneni\"><\/span>Obezita je rizikov\u00fdm faktorem r\u016fzn\u00fdch onemocn\u011bn\u00ed<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Zdravotn\u00ed riziko, kter\u00e9 vypl\u00fdv\u00e1 z vysok\u00e9ho BMI a pod\u00edlu tukov\u00e9 tk\u00e1n\u011b, se t\u00fdk\u00e1 n\u011bkolika chronick\u00fdch onemocn\u011bn\u00ed. Nadm\u011brn\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed tukov\u00e9 tk\u00e1n\u011b p\u0159i nadv\u00e1ze a obezit\u011b je zdrojem velk\u00e9ho mno\u017estv\u00ed <strong>z\u00e1n\u011btliv\u00fdch cytokin\u016f<\/strong>. Tyto l\u00e1tky jsou za norm\u00e1ln\u00edch okolnost\u00ed pot\u0159ebn\u00e9, proto\u017ee imunitn\u00ed syst\u00e9m pot\u0159ebuje m\u00edt p\u0159ipraveny v\u0161echny mechanismy v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b infekce nebo pot\u0159eby likvidovat po\u0161kozen\u00e9, star\u00e9 a n\u00e1dorov\u00e9 bu\u0148ky. Pokud je z\u00e1n\u011btliv\u00fdch cytokin\u016f p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 mnoho, je cel\u00e1 rovnov\u00e1ha v t\u011ble posunuta k nep\u0159etr\u017eit\u00e9mu, chronick\u00e9mu z\u00e1n\u011btu.<mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-orange-color\"><sup>[7]<\/sup><\/mark><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>N\u00edzk\u00fd chronick\u00fd z\u00e1n\u011bt je \u00fazce spjat s <strong>inzul\u00ednovou rezistenc\u00ed<\/strong>. Inzul\u00ednov\u00e1 rezistence je stav, kter\u00fd kdysi na\u0161emu druhu umo\u017e\u0148oval p\u0159e\u017e\u00edt obdob\u00ed nedostatku potravy. Umo\u017e\u0148uje toti\u017e p\u0159esm\u011brovat gluk\u00f3zu do nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edch org\u00e1n\u016f. V dne\u0161n\u00ed dob\u011b takovou pot\u0159ebu nem\u00e1me a inzul\u00ednov\u00e1 rezistence je vstupn\u00ed branou ke vzniku <strong>diabetu 2. typu<\/strong>, kdy bu\u0148ky t\u011bla nedok\u00e1\u017eou odpov\u00eddat na inzul\u00edn tak, jak je pot\u0159eba, a koncentrace gluk\u00f3zy v krvi je nebezpe\u010dn\u011b vysok\u00e1.<mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-orange-color\"><sup>[8]<\/sup><\/mark><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Dal\u0161\u00edm probl\u00e9mem u nadbytku tukov\u00e9 tk\u00e1n\u011b je tak\u00e9 vysok\u00e1 koncentrace <strong>voln\u00fdch mastn\u00fdch kyselin a LDL cholesterolu<\/strong> v krvi (dyslipidemie), kter\u00e1 je p\u0159\u00edm\u00fdm spou\u0161t\u011b\u010dem ateroskler\u00f3zy, kdy se LDL \u010d\u00e1stice za\u010dnou ukl\u00e1dat ve st\u011bn\u00e1ch c\u00e9v. V dan\u00e9m m\u00edst\u011b vznik\u00e1 z\u00e1n\u011bt, jeho\u017e v\u00fdsledkem je aterosklerotick\u00fd plak, kter\u00fd \u010dasem roste. Pokud tento stav trv\u00e1 dlouho, dojde k ucp\u00e1n\u00ed c\u00e9vy a k infarktu.<mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-orange-color\"><sup>[9]<\/sup><\/mark><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Nadv\u00e1ha a obezita jsou doprov\u00e1zeny tak\u00e9 <strong>metabolick\u00fdm syndromem<\/strong>. Ten je charakterizov\u00e1n vysok\u00fdm krevn\u00edm tlakem, vysokou koncentrac\u00ed gluk\u00f3zy v krvi, dyslipidemi\u00ed, n\u00edzkou hladinou HDL cholesterolu a velk\u00fdm obvodem pasu (nad 102 cm u mu\u017e\u016f, nad 88 cm u \u017een). M\u00e1-li \u010dlov\u011bk <strong>alespo\u0148 t\u0159i z t\u011bchto p\u011bti faktor\u016f<\/strong>, je u n\u011bj diagnostikov\u00e1n metabolick\u00fd syndrom.<mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-orange-color\"><sup>[10]<\/sup><\/mark><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Z\u00e1n\u011btliv\u00fd proces v t\u011ble a oxida\u010dn\u00ed stres vedou nejen ke kardiovaskul\u00e1rn\u00edm onemocn\u011bn\u00edm, ale tak\u00e9 k <strong>n\u011bkter\u00fdm typ\u016fm rakoviny<\/strong>. \u0160patn\u011b regulovan\u00fd imunitn\u00ed syst\u00e9m, jeho\u017e \u00fakolem je rozezn\u00e1vat a zne\u0161kod\u0148ovat po\u0161kozen\u00e9 a potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed n\u00e1dorov\u00e9 bu\u0148ky, nedok\u00e1\u017ee svou funkci plnit spr\u00e1vn\u011b. <strong>Oxida\u010dn\u00ed stres<\/strong>, kter\u00fd je zap\u0159\u00ed\u010din\u011bn nadv\u00e1hou a obezitou, dok\u00e1\u017ee po\u0161kozovat DNA v bu\u0148k\u00e1ch. Pokud takov\u00e9 zmutovan\u00e9 bu\u0148ky nejsou imunitn\u00edm syst\u00e9mem degradov\u00e1ny, zvy\u0161uje se riziko vzniku rakoviny.<mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-orange-color\"><sup>[11]<\/sup><\/mark><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Motivac\u00ed <a href=\"https:\/\/gymbeam.cz\/blog\/jak-zhubnout\/\">zhubnout<\/a>,<\/strong> pokud \u010dlov\u011bk trp\u00ed nadv\u00e1hou nebo obezitou, by proto nem\u011bla b\u00fdt jen estetika, ale i <strong>zdrav\u00ed<\/strong>. Obezita je onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, kter\u00e9 zab\u00edj\u00ed miliony lid\u00ed ro\u010dn\u011b. Cht\u00edt postavu do plavek je sice dobr\u00fdm startem, ale minimalizov\u00e1n\u00ed zdravotn\u00edch rizik by m\u011bla b\u00fdt prim\u00e1rn\u00ed motivace pro ka\u017ed\u00e9ho.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1124\" height=\"749\" src=\"https:\/\/gymbeam.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/image3-1-1124x749.jpg\" alt=\"Fyzick\u00e1 aktivita\" class=\"wp-image-601212\" title=\"Fyzick\u00e1 aktivita\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gymbeam.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/image3-1-1124x749.jpg 1124w, https:\/\/gymbeam.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/image3-1-400x267.jpg 400w, https:\/\/gymbeam.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/image3-1.jpg 1254w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1124px) 100vw, 1124px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Mohou_za_sklony_k_obezite_geny\"><\/span>Mohou za sklony k obezit\u011b geny?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u010clov\u011bk m\u00e1 v\u00edce ne\u017e 19 tis\u00edc gen\u016f<\/strong>, d\u00edky nim\u017e bu\u0148ky lidsk\u00e9ho t\u011bla v\u011bd\u00ed, kdy a co maj\u00ed d\u011blat. V\u011bt\u0161ina proces\u016f je \u0159\u00edzena velk\u00fdm po\u010dtem gen\u016f, jejich\u017e efekt se s\u010d\u00edt\u00e1. <strong>Ka\u017ed\u00fd \u010dlov\u011bk<\/strong> je sv\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem <strong>mutant<\/strong> a m\u00e1 mutace na r\u016fzn\u00fdch m\u00edstech v r\u016fzn\u00fdch genech. N\u011bkter\u00e9 mutace maj\u00ed viditeln\u00fd efekt v podob\u011b barvy vlas\u016f, barvy o\u010d\u00ed nebo barvy pleti. Jin\u00e9 jsou m\u00e9n\u011b o\u010dividn\u00e9 a ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed procesy, kter\u00e9 prob\u00edhaj\u00ed uvnit\u0159 t\u011bla. St\u00e1v\u00e1 se, \u017ee jedin\u00e1 mutace v jednom genu zp\u016fsob\u00ed onemocn\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>\u010casto jsou v\u0161ak predispozice onemocn\u011bn\u00ed ovlivn\u011bny jednou mutac\u00ed pouze m\u00edrn\u011b a z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed na \u017eivotospr\u00e1v\u011b a ostatn\u00edch genech, zda se predispozice projev\u00ed. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee velkou \u010d\u00e1st zodpov\u011bdnosti za sv\u00e9 zdrav\u00ed m\u016f\u017eeme vz\u00edt do vlastn\u00edch rukou, p\u0159esto\u017ee n\u00e1m to geny komplikuj\u00ed. Jinak tomu nen\u00ed ani u t\u011blesn\u00e9 hmotnosti a obezity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Na ot\u00e1zku, zda za nadv\u00e1hu a obezitu mohou geny, m\u00e1me docela dobrou odpov\u011b\u010f. <strong>Z hlediska genetiky rozli\u0161ujeme dva typy obezity<\/strong>, u kter\u00fdch maj\u00ed geny velk\u00fd, nebo mal\u00fd vliv.<mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-orange-color\"><sup>[12]<\/sup><\/mark><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1124\" height=\"749\" src=\"https:\/\/gymbeam.sk\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/image7-1124x749.jpg\" alt=\"Genetick\u00e1 laborato\u0159\" class=\"wp-image-601241\" title=\"Genetick\u00e1 laborato\u0159\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gymbeam.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/image7-1124x749.jpg 1124w, https:\/\/gymbeam.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/image7-400x267.jpg 400w, https:\/\/gymbeam.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/image7.jpg 1254w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1124px) 100vw, 1124px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Monogenn\u00ed obezita<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Obezita, za kterou 100% mohou geny, se ozna\u010duje jako <strong>monogenn\u00ed<\/strong>. Ji\u017e n\u00e1zev napov\u00edd\u00e1, \u017ee se jedn\u00e1 o onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, kter\u00e9 je zp\u016fsobeno mutac\u00ed v jednom genu. Monogenn\u00ed obezitou trp\u00ed jen kolem <strong>5 % v\u0161ech ob\u00e9zn\u00edch<\/strong> lid\u00ed na sv\u011bt\u011b. Jeliko\u017e je geneticky podm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e1, jej\u00ed n\u00e1stup prob\u00edh\u00e1 ji\u017e v d\u011btstv\u00ed a je velmi n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9 zabr\u00e1nit mu. Vliv \u017eivotospr\u00e1vy na vznik monogenn\u00ed obezity je mal\u00fd. Mo\u017en\u00e1 se na prvn\u00ed pohled zd\u00e1, \u017ee geny, kter\u00e9 jsou p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou monogenn\u00ed obezity, budou n\u011bjak\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem zap\u0159\u00ed\u010di\u0148ovat nadm\u011brn\u00e9 ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed tuku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Pravdou je, \u017ee i u monogenn\u00ed obezity, za kterou mohou z obrovsk\u00e9 m\u00edry geny, jde t\u00e9\u017e o <strong>kalorickou rovnov\u00e1hu<\/strong>. Jedn\u00edm z nejl\u00e9pe prostudovan\u00fdch gen\u016f, kter\u00e9 toto onemocn\u011bn\u00ed zp\u016fsobuj\u00ed, je gen pro <strong>leptinov\u00fd receptor<\/strong> (LEPR). Tento receptor je nesm\u00edrn\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd p\u0159i regulaci p\u0159\u00edjmu potravy. Je kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fd p\u0159i leptinov\u00e9 signalizaci, d\u00edky kter\u00e9 m\u00e1 mozek neust\u00e1l\u00fd p\u0159ehled o stavu z\u00e1sob energie (tuku). <strong>Leptin<\/strong> je hormon produkovan\u00fd tukovou tk\u00e1n\u00ed. Cel\u00fd syst\u00e9m je jednoduch\u00fd. <strong>\u010c\u00edm v\u00edce tuku \u010dlov\u011bk m\u00e1, t\u00edm v\u00edce leptinu se dost\u00e1v\u00e1 do mozku<\/strong>. Podle toho mozek v\u00ed, kolik tuku se v t\u011ble nach\u00e1z\u00ed, a dok\u00e1\u017ee korigovat p\u0159\u00edjem potravy tak, aby z\u016fstaly zachov\u00e1ny z\u00e1soby na hor\u0161\u00ed \u010dasy. Kdy\u017e mno\u017estv\u00ed tukov\u00e9 tk\u00e1n\u011b poklesne, sn\u00ed\u017e\u00ed se tak\u00e9 koncentrace leptinu, co\u017e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee se mozek za\u010dne sna\u017eit \u0161et\u0159it energi\u00ed, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b ji doplnit. Pokud tukov\u00e1 tk\u00e1\u0148 za\u010dne p\u0159ib\u00fdvat, koncentrace leptinu vzroste a mozek d\u00e1 sign\u00e1l, \u017ee nen\u00ed t\u0159eba hodn\u011b j\u00edst, a m\u016f\u017eeme energii vyd\u00e1vat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Za norm\u00e1ln\u00edch podm\u00ednek je tento syst\u00e9m v po\u0159\u00e1dku a funguje dob\u0159e. P\u0159i monogenn\u00ed obezit\u011b zap\u0159\u00ed\u010din\u011bn\u00e9 mutac\u00ed v genu pro leptinov\u00fd receptor je tento syst\u00e9m rozlad\u011bn natolik, \u017ee si mozek neust\u00e1le mysl\u00ed, \u017ee tuku je m\u00e1lo a je t\u0159eba doplnit z\u00e1soby. Projevuje se to jako <strong>nadm\u011brn\u00e1 konzumace j\u00eddla<\/strong> (<strong>hyperfagie<\/strong>), kterou nositel dan\u00e9 mutace nedok\u00e1\u017ee ovl\u00e1dat. Nedok\u00e1\u017ee to, proto\u017ee jeho mozek neodpov\u00edd\u00e1 na p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd leptin a je ve stavu \u201eum\u00edr\u00e1me hlady\u201d.<mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-orange-color\"><sup>[13]<\/sup><\/mark><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Velmi vz\u00e1cnou mutac\u00ed, kterou m\u00e1 m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e 100 lid\u00ed na sv\u011bt\u011b, je mutace <strong>p\u0159\u00edmo v genu pro leptin<\/strong>. Tato mutace \u010dasto zp\u016fsobuje <strong>deficienci leptinu<\/strong>. Pokud se v t\u011ble nevytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed leptin, nebo se vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed jeho nefunk\u010dn\u00ed, mutovan\u00e1 verze, mozek nedost\u00e1v\u00e1 \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd sign\u00e1l o stavu tukov\u00fdch z\u00e1sob a nut\u00ed \u010dlov\u011bka k neust\u00e1l\u00e9mu jeden\u00ed. Stejn\u011b jako u mutac\u00ed leptinov\u00e9ho receptoru, ani v tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b posti\u017een\u00fd \u010dlov\u011bk nedok\u00e1\u017ee kontrolovat sv\u016fj p\u0159\u00edjem potravy.<mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-orange-color\"><sup>[14]<\/sup><\/mark><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1124\" height=\"752\" src=\"https:\/\/gymbeam.sk\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/image4-1124x752.jpg\" alt=\"T\u011blesn\u00e1 hmotnost\" class=\"wp-image-601247\" title=\"T\u011blesn\u00e1 hmotnost\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gymbeam.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/image4-1124x752.jpg 1124w, https:\/\/gymbeam.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/image4-400x268.jpg 400w, https:\/\/gymbeam.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/image4.jpg 1252w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1124px) 100vw, 1124px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Polygenn\u00ed obezita<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Obezita, u kter\u00e9 jsou geny v\u00edce \u010di m\u00e9n\u011b v\u00fdmluvou, se ozna\u010duje jako <strong>polygenn\u00ed<\/strong>. Je zp\u016fsobena mutacemi ve velk\u00e9m po\u010dtu gen\u016f, jejich\u017e samostatn\u00fd efekt je zanedbateln\u00fd. Trp\u00ed j\u00ed <strong>zb\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00edch 95 % ob\u00e9zn\u00edch lid\u00ed<\/strong> a je zp\u016fsobena \u017eivotn\u00edm stylem. Gen\u016f, kter\u00e9 jsou asociov\u00e1ny s t\u00edmto typem obezity, je nesm\u00edrn\u011b mnoho a o velk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti z nich nev\u00edme t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 nic. P\u0159esto\u017ee je funkce mnoha z nich dodnes nezn\u00e1m\u00e1, m\u016f\u017eeme na n\u011b narazit ve studi\u00edch, kter\u00e9 porovn\u00e1vaj\u00ed geny lid\u00ed s obezitou a bez n\u00ed. Geny, o kter\u00fdch v\u00edme v\u00edce, jsou \u010dasto tyt\u00e9\u017e, jak\u00e9 nach\u00e1z\u00edme u monogenn\u00ed obezity, akor\u00e1t <strong>s jinou mutac\u00ed<\/strong>. R\u016fzn\u00e9 mutace maj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00fd efekt. Zat\u00edmco jedna dok\u00e1\u017ee rozhodit leptinovou signalizaci natolik, \u017ee \u010dlov\u011bk nedok\u00e1\u017ee ovl\u00e1dat sv\u016fj p\u0159\u00edjem potravy, jin\u00e1 jen nepatrn\u011b zv\u00fd\u0161\u00ed apetit \u010dlov\u011bka. Proto je jedn\u00edm z gen\u016f se slab\u00fdm \u00fa\u010dinkem zmi\u0148ov\u00e1n i LEPR.<mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-orange-color\"><sup>[14]<\/sup><\/mark><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Zn\u00e1m\u00fdm genem asociovan\u00fdm s polygenn\u00ed obezitou je <strong>gen FTO<\/strong> (fat mass to obesity). Jeho varianty byly identifikov\u00e1ny u ob\u00e9zn\u00edch lid\u00ed a lid\u00ed s nadv\u00e1hou. Jeho funkce nen\u00ed zcela objasn\u011bna, ale jeho v\u00edcero mutac\u00ed je asociov\u00e1no se <strong>zv\u00fd\u0161enou produkc\u00ed leptinu, zm\u011bn\u011bnou lokalizac\u00ed leptinov\u00fdch receptor\u016f a zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edjmem potravy<\/strong>. P\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1 se, \u017ee ty mutace, kter\u00e9 se nach\u00e1zej\u00ed v regula\u010dn\u00edch m\u00edstech, ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed jin\u00e9 geny v bl\u00edzkosti genu FTO.<mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-orange-color\"><sup>[15] <\/sup><\/mark><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Zaj\u00edmav\u00fd je tak\u00e9 <strong>gen FGF21<\/strong>, jeho\u017e produktem je hormon kontroluj\u00edc\u00ed <strong>chu\u0165 na sladk\u00e9<\/strong>. Lid\u00e9 s jistou mutac\u00ed v tomto genu produkuj\u00ed m\u00e9n\u011b FGF21, kter\u00fd potla\u010duje chu\u0165 na sladk\u00e9. Zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e1 chu\u0165 na cukr a jeho adiktivn\u00ed povaha zvy\u0161uj\u00ed riziko necht\u011bn\u00e9ho p\u0159ej\u00edd\u00e1n\u00ed a tloustnut\u00ed.<mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-orange-color\"><sup>[16, 17]<\/sup> <\/mark><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>I kdy\u017e je u polygenn\u00ed obezity <strong>kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e1 \u017eivotospr\u00e1va<\/strong> a geny maj\u00ed slab\u00fd efekt, nen\u00ed zcela spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 o\u010dek\u00e1vat, \u017ee zm\u011bna \u017eivotn\u00edho stylu bude pro ob\u00e9zn\u00edho \u010dlov\u011bka jednoduch\u00e1. \u010clov\u011bk s nadv\u00e1hou nebo obezitou m\u00e1 rozlad\u011bnou leptinovou signalizaci nikoliv vlivem gen\u016f, ale <strong>vlivem \u017eivotospr\u00e1vy<\/strong>. Jeho nadbytek t\u011blesn\u00e9ho tuku dlouhodob\u011b vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed nadbytek leptinu, na kter\u00fd si jeho mozek zvykl. Podobn\u011b jako vznik\u00e1 rezistence na inzul\u00edn, m\u016f\u017ee vzniknout i leptinov\u00e1 rezistence, kdy mozek nedok\u00e1\u017ee reagovat na sign\u00e1ly p\u0159ich\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed z tukov\u00e9 tk\u00e1n\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Tak jako u monogenn\u00ed obezity, kdy se \u010dlov\u011bk nedok\u00e1\u017ee ovl\u00e1dat, nebo\u0165 mu leptin chyb\u00ed, je u polygenn\u00ed obezity mozek zvykl\u00fd na velk\u00e9 d\u00e1vky leptinu. P\u0159i pokusu zhubnout se koncentrace leptinu sn\u00ed\u017e\u00ed a mozek dostane stejn\u00fd sign\u00e1l jako p\u0159i genetick\u00e9 poru\u0161e \u2013 \u201eum\u00edr\u00e1me hlady, mus\u00edme doplnit z\u00e1soby\u201c. A to i p\u0159esto, \u017ee z\u00e1sob je v\u00edce, ne\u017e je zapot\u0159eb\u00ed. Pr\u00e1v\u011b to je jeden z hlavn\u00edch d\u016fvod\u016f, pro\u010d je pro lidi s nadv\u00e1hou a obezitou <strong>obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 zhubnout<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>N\u011bkter\u00e9 varianty zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00fdch gen\u016f a predispozice k v\u011bt\u0161\u00edmu p\u0159\u00edjmu potravy a vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed hmotnosti lze zjistit i z <a href=\"https:\/\/gymbeam.cz\/pokrocily-dna-test-tellmegen.html\">dostupn\u00fdch genetick\u00fdch test\u016f<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Zaver\"><\/span>Z\u00e1v\u011br<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Za naprostou v\u011bt\u0161inu p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f obezity m\u016f\u017ee <strong>\u017eivotospr\u00e1va, nikoliv geny<\/strong>. P\u0159\u00edpady, u kter\u00fdch dok\u00e1\u017eeme jasn\u011b \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee za obezitu m\u016f\u017ee genetika, je velmi n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9 \u0159e\u0161it zm\u011bnou \u017eivotospr\u00e1vy. Efekt mutac\u00ed je natolik siln\u00fd, \u017ee je prakticky nemo\u017en\u00e9 prov\u00e9st zm\u011bny, kter\u00e9 dok\u00e1\u017ee prov\u00e9st zb\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00edch 95 % lid\u00ed trp\u00edc\u00edch obezitou.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Sice um\u00edme \u201euk\u00e1zat prstem\u201c na \u017eivotn\u00ed styl, ale i tak je pro ob\u00e9zn\u00ed lidi a lidi s nadv\u00e1hou nesm\u00edrn\u011b n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9 vzd\u00e1t se \u017eivota, kter\u00fd je do tohoto stavu p\u0159ivedl. Mozek, kter\u00fd si zvykl nejen na dlouhodob\u011b vysok\u00e9 d\u00e1vky leptinu, ale tak\u00e9 na stimulaci mozku <a href=\"https:\/\/gymbeam.cz\/blog\/dopamin-prinasi-radost-motivaci-ale-v-nadbytku-muze-skodit-potrebujeme-dopaminovy-detox\/\">dopaminem<\/a> z j\u00eddla, je obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 p\u0159eprogramovat. Nadv\u00e1ha a obezita jsou spou\u0161t\u011b\u010di du\u0161evn\u00edch poruch, kter\u00e9 znemo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed jak\u00e9koli zm\u011bny \u017eivotn\u00edho stylu. A\u0165 u\u017e za obezitu mohou geny, \u010di nikoliv, jde o onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, kter\u00e9 vy\u017eaduje p\u0159\u00edstup specialist\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Co je ale dobrou zpr\u00e1vou?<\/strong> To, \u017ee p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u00e9 v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f obezity lze velmi jednodu\u0161e p\u0159edch\u00e1zet. Pokud \u010dlov\u011bk nespadne do nekone\u010dn\u00e9ho koloto\u010de p\u0159ej\u00edd\u00e1n\u00ed se a nedostatku fyzick\u00e9 aktivity, je schopen velmi jednodu\u0161e zabr\u00e1nit vzniku obezity a s n\u00ed spojen\u00fdch zdravotn\u00edch probl\u00e9m\u016f. <strong>A to bez ohledu na to, zda m\u00e1, \u010di nem\u00e1 predispozici k v\u011bt\u0161\u00edmu apetitu<\/strong>. Je velkou pravd\u011bpodobnost\u00ed, \u017ee 95 lid\u00ed ze 100 m\u00e1 sv\u00e9 zdrav\u00ed ve sv\u00fdch rukou. <strong>Neexistuje toti\u017e nic jako \u201ezdrav\u00e1 obezita\u201c<\/strong>. Tento pojem vznikl d\u00edky p\u0159\u00edpad\u016fm, kdy lid\u00e9 s nadv\u00e1hou je\u0161t\u011b nevykazovali \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edznaky metabolick\u00e9ho syndromu. Je to v\u0161ak pouze p\u0159echodn\u00fd stav a u BMI s hodnotou vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e 30 roste riziko chronick\u00fdch onemocn\u011bn\u00ed.<mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-orange-color\"><sup>[17]<\/sup><\/mark> Jak\u00fd je nejlep\u0161\u00ed zp\u016fsob prevence? <strong>Dostatek fyzick\u00e9 aktivity<\/strong>, kterou by m\u011blo tvo\u0159it alespo\u0148 150 minut aerobn\u00ed aktivity a alespo\u0148 dva silov\u00e9 tr\u00e9ninky t\u00fddn\u011b.<mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-orange-color\"><sup>[18, 19]<\/sup><\/mark><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Jak\u00e1koli fyzick\u00e1 aktivita v\u0161ak nesta\u010d\u00ed, budou-li p\u0159ijat\u00e9 kalorie p\u0159evy\u0161ovat ty sp\u00e1len\u00e9, a proto je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 i <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/gymbeam.cz\/blog\/co-je-zdrava-strava-a-jak-se-naucit-jist-zdrave\/\">spr\u00e1vn\u011b nastaven\u00e1 strava<\/a> s dostatkem <a href=\"https:\/\/gymbeam.cz\/blog\/bilkoviny-funkce-v-tele-optimalni-prijem-zdroje-v-potravinach-a-co-hrozi-pri-jejich-nedostatku\/\">b\u00edlkovin<\/a> a <a href=\"https:\/\/gymbeam.cz\/blog\/vlaknina-v-potravinach-vyhody\/\">vl\u00e1kniny<\/a><\/strong>. Ide\u00e1ln\u00ed je vyhnout se vysoce zpracovan\u00fdm potravin\u00e1m, kter\u00fdch se d\u00e1 snadno p\u0159ej\u00edst. <strong>Dostatek <a href=\"https:\/\/gymbeam.cz\/blog\/jak-rychle-usnout-vyzkousejte-jednoduche-tipy-pro-lepsi-spanek\/\">sp\u00e1nku<\/a><\/strong> je dobr\u00fdm p\u0159edpokladem, jak se nep\u0159ej\u00eddat sladkostmi a jin\u00fdmi chutn\u00fdmi, ale nezdrav\u00fdmi potravinami. V extr\u00e9mn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edpadech jsou \u0159e\u0161en\u00edm tak\u00e9 <a href=\"https:\/\/gymbeam.cz\/blog\/ozempic-wegovy-a-dalsi-leky-na-hubnuti-jak-funguji-a-pro-koho-jsou-vhodne\/\">l\u00e9ky na hubnut\u00ed jako Ozempic<\/a>. Ty v posledn\u00edch letech z\u00edskaly na popularit\u011b, ale nesou s sebou da\u0148 v podob\u011b rapidn\u00edho \u00fabytku svalov\u00e9 hmoty. Mohou sice zachr\u00e1nit \u017eivot, ale jejich zneu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee z dlouhodob\u00e9ho hlediska p\u0159in\u00e9st v\u00edce \u0161kody ne\u017e u\u017eitku. Proto je v takov\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b rozhodnut\u00ed na l\u00e9ka\u0159i, kter\u00fd takovou l\u00e9\u010dbu mus\u00ed v\u00e9st a sledovat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/gymbeam.com\/dna-tests\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"category-button\">\n\t<span class=\"label\">\n\t\tDNA Tests\t<\/span>\n\t<svg class=\"icon-cart\" focusable=\"false\">\n\t\t<use xlink:href=\"#icon-cart\"><\/use>\n\t<\/svg>\n<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/gymbeam.com\/healthy-food\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"category-button\">\n\t<span class=\"label\">\n\t\tHealthy food\t<\/span>\n\t<svg class=\"icon-cart\" focusable=\"false\">\n\t\t<use xlink:href=\"#icon-cart\"><\/use>\n\t<\/svg>\n<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Stoj\u00ed za obezitou geny, nebo je na\u0161e nadv\u00e1ha v\u00fdsledkem \u017eivotospr\u00e1vy? V \u010dl\u00e1nku naleznete rozbor t\u00e9to problematiky i tipy, jak na prevenci obezity.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":239,"featured_media":601283,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_editorskit_title_hidden":false,"_editorskit_reading_time":0,"_editorskit_is_block_options_detached":false,"_editorskit_block_options_position":"{}","footnotes":""},"categories":[32],"tags":[7437,7599,7623,7635],"filter_section":[],"filter_attribute":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-602760","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-navody-a-tipy","8":"tag-telesny-tuk-cs","9":"tag-vaha-cs","10":"tag-zdravi","11":"tag-zdravy-zivotni-styl","12":"h-entry","13":"hentry"},"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Jak ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed geny na\u0161i hmotnost a sklony k obezit\u011b? - GymBeam Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Stoj\u00ed za obezitou geny, nebo je na\u0161e nadv\u00e1ha v\u00fdsledkem \u017eivotospr\u00e1vy? 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